Cardiac implantable electronic device infection: Does the device need to be extracted?

Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: From an Infection Prevention Perspective

A cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) is indicated for patients with severely reduced ejection fraction or with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Infection related to a CIED is one of the most feared complications of this life-saving device. The rate of CIED infection has been estimated to be between 2 and 25; though evidence shows that this rate continues to rise with increasing e...

Infective endocarditis and the pacemaker: cardiac implantable electronic device infection.

We are seeing more implantation of cardiac device such as pacemakers and defibrillators and also cardiac implantable electronic device infection. The infection may affect just the pocket site or progress to deeper infection and bacteraemia. Inadequately treated infection may lead to right sided endocarditis, cardiotomy for pacemaker explantation and increased cost and length of stay in the hosp...

Cardiac implantable electronic device infection: formidable, frustrating, and increasingly frequent.

Reimplantation and Repeat Infection After Cardiac-Implantable Electronic Device Infections: Experience From the MEDIC (Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Infection Cohort) Database.

BACKGROUND Infection is a serious complication of cardiovascular-implantable electronic device implantation and necessitates removal of all hardware for optimal treatment. Strategies for reimplanting hardware after infection vary widely and have not previously been analyzed using a large, multicenter study. METHODS AND RESULTS The MEDIC (Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Infection Cohort)...

Dual implantable electronic device therapy.

Sebastian Reif1*, Philipp Steiner2, and Ellen Hoffmann1 Department of Cardiology, Städtisches Klinikum München-Bogenhausen, Englschalkinger Str. 77, Munich 81925, Germany and Department of General Visceral, Vascular and Thorax Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum München–Bogenhausen, Englschalkinger Str. 77, Munich 81925, Germany * Corresponding author. Tel: +49 172 2497331; fax: +49 89 927